ӘБДІЖАППАРҚЫЗЫ АЯКӨЗ

Қызылорда облысы, Жаңақорған ауданы
№ 224 орта мектебінің ағылшын тілі пәнінің мұғалімі
ӘБДІЖАППАРҚЫЗЫ АЯКӨЗ

Fake friends of an English translator

The concept of “false friends of the translator”
1.1. Sources of the emergence of “false friends of the translator”
False translators are pairs of words in two different languages, singular in pronunciation or spelling, but different in their lexical meaning.
Where do they appear?
False friends of the translator can lead to incorrect understanding and translation of the text. Part of them was formed because after borrowing a word from another language, its lexical meaning changed, in other cases, borrowing did not exist at all, and the words come from a common root, no matter what; sometimes the consonant is purely accidental.
Sources of asceticism.
Today, scholars highlight four possible ways of appearing in that or foreign language of the translator’s friends. They can be educated:

1. As an accidental coincidence. Two languages ​​can develop sufficiently independently of each other, and as a result, they appear identical words of each other in writing and pronunciation, but with completely different meanings. The most famous example of a similar situation is the word mist. In English it serves for the definition of natural phenomena – fog. And here in German they mark the products of animal life – manure. You also attended the post and the word gift. If for the English he marks the gift, then for the Germans poison.
2. When borrowing words, when they lose their proper meaning and acquire a new meaning in another language. As a rule, it happens, if any new concept is selected definition in another language. As a rule, in this case the words are not used in the real sense, but come up with a new, sometimes allegorical, meaning. For example, such a word combination as “old-timer” was originally a definition for the elderly. As borrowings, they are often referred to as retro-cars.
3. In parallel borrowing. When different languages ​​borrow one and the same word, but in different contexts. In this case, the words originally have a different meaning, although the sound and spelling can completely coincide. The best example of this is the word “angina”. In Russian it is a sore throat, and in English it translates as a more serious diagnosis – angina pectoris. And all because, using the Latin language as a starting point, this word came out of the context of different word combinations with different meanings.
   In fact, this is one of the main difficulties of false translators. They have two types and are distinguished by the following parameters:
   Homonyms are words with the same spelling and pronunciation, but with different meanings. Among the examples you can name: bucket, which translates as “bucket” or magazine – “magazine”.
   A word with several lexical meanings or ambiguous words, one of the variants of the translation of which is a familiar word to us. But, as a rule, this is not the most common translation. A good example is the word Caucasian. Yes, this word sometimes serves to denote the inhabitants of the Caucasus, but more often it is used in a different sense and in classical anthropology serves as a title for the European race of people. Or the word minister, which sometimes really means a minister, and here in other cases – it is a priest.
   It seems that her translation into Russian can be quite literal: “This is a long road that does not turn anyone anywhere.” But it is here that the translator encounters a “false friend.” The meaning of this proverb, embedded in English, is absolutely strange, quite strange for a Russian-speaking person:
   When learning English, every student comes across words that sound very similar to the words of the Russian language, but have a completely different meaning, for example, the word “plot”.
   It sounds similar to the Russian word “raft”, but it has nothing to do with this floating craft, since it is translated into Russian as “plot”. Such words are “false friends of the translator.”
   The student is experiencing difficulties in translation, faced with the problem of false translation of individual words of the English language. This problem is relevant for any student, because, not knowing what “false friends of the translator” are, the student will make mistakes.

List of used literature
English. Grade 7: textbook for general education. organizations / (Yu.E. Vaulina, D. Dooley, OE Podolyako, V. Evans). – 7th ed. – M: ExpressPublishing: Education, 2016 .– 152 p. : ill. – (English in focus). – ISBN978-5-09-037853-6.
English. Grade 6: textbook. for general education. organizations / (Yu.E. Vaulina, D. Dooley, OE Podolyako, V. Evans). – 7th ed. – M: ExpressPublishing: Education, 2016 .– 152 p. : ill. – (English in focus). – ISBN 978-5-09-037853-6.
English. Grade 5: textbook. for general education. organizations / (Yu.E. Vaulina, D. Dooley, OE Podolyako, V. Evans). – 7th ed. – M: ExpressPublishing: Education, 2016 .– 152 p. : ill. – (English in focus). – ISBN 978-5-09-037853-6.